Death of Alexei Navalny

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Death of Alexei Navalny
Prison registration card of Alexei Navalny in Matrosskaya Tishina, where he was kept from 2021 to 2023
Date16 February 2024; 11 days ago (2024-02-16)
TimeAround 14:17 (YEKT)
LocationFKU IK-3, Kharp, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia
Coordinates66°49′11″N 65°47′38″E / 66.8196°N 65.7938°E / 66.8196; 65.7938
Alexei Navalny in 2017
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On 16 February 2024, at 14:19 Moscow time (11:19 GMT), the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug announced that Russian opposition activist and political prisoner Alexei Navalny died while serving a 19-year prison sentence in corrective colony FKU IK-3, in the village of Kharp in the Russian Arctic.[1][2][3] Navalny's spokeswoman, Kira Yarmysh, confirmed his death the next day and demanded his body should be returned to his family as soon as possible.[4] The exact cause of death has not officially been provided. Navalny was 47 years old when he died.[2]

Navalny's death spurred numerous protests and gatherings in different countries, including Russia, where hundreds of mourners were detained.[5][6] Western officials and Russian opposition activists held Russian authorities, including President Vladimir Putin, responsible for his death.[7][8]

Background

Assassination attempt

Main article: Poisoning of Alexei Navalny

Alexei Navalny was considered one of the most prominent critics of Russian president Vladimir Putin, having denounced corruption under his regime and unsuccessfully trying to run for president against him in 2018. In 2017, Navalny suffered eye injuries after being assaulted with a green disinfectant by an unknown assailant. In 2020, Navalny was poisoned with a Novichok nerve agent and was evacuated to Germany for medical treatment.[2][9]

In 2021, before returning to Russia, Navalny took part in the filming of the Oscar-winning documentary Navalny. In the film's final sequence, he urged Russians not to give up if he was killed, saying that "this means that we are unusually strong at this moment, since they decided to kill me".[10]

Imprisonment

In January 2021, US President Joe Biden warned Putin that Navalny's arrest and possible death would bring "devastating" consequences to Russia.[11] He was imprisoned based on charges of fraud, extremism and violating probation.[12] The European Court of Human Rights ruled on 16 February 2021 that the Russian government should release Navalny immediately, with the court saying that the resolution was made in "regard to the nature and extent of risk to the applicant's life". In December 2020, a series of laws were also passed that gave the Russian Constitution precedence over rulings made by international bodies as well as international treaties.[13][14][15][16] A few days later, a Moscow court rejected Navalny's appeal and upheld his prison sentence, however it reduced his sentence by six weeks after deciding to count his time under house arrest as part of his time served. Another court convicted Navalny on slander charges against a World War II veteran, fining him 850,000 rubles ($11,500).[17]

Protest in support of Navalny in Moscow, 21 April 2021

During his imprisonment, Navalny struggled with health issues and did not consistently receive medical care.[18]

In December 2023 he was transferred from a penal colony east of Moscow to the Polar Wolf colony in Kharp, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in Russia's Far North. The Polar Wolf colony has more harsh conditions, including reported torture of inmates, and according to Novaya Gazeta is reserved for "especially dangerous repeat offenders".[19][20] On 15 February, the day before his death, he appeared via video link at a court hearing, during which he made jokes and seemed to be in good health.[citation needed] At the time of his death, Navalny was serving a 19-year sentence,[21][2] and was in solitary confinement for the 27th time, having spent a cumulative 300 days in solitary confinement over the course of his sentence.[22][23]

Death

On 16 February, the Federal Penitentiary Service department for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug published a statement that Navalny lost consciousness after a walk. He was attended by medical workers from the penal colony and an emergency medical team was called.[1][2] Referring to a statement by representatives of the Labytnangi City Hospital, several Russian state-owned news agencies reported that an ambulance arrived at the scene in less than seven minutes and performed resuscitation measures for more than half an hour.[24][25] Navalny was not revived,[1] and he was officially reported dead at 14:17 Yekaterinburg Time[26] with reports of his death first appearing in the media at 16:19 Yekaterinburg Time (14:19 MSK).[27] His death was confirmed the next day by his spokeswoman Kira Yarmysh, citing an official notice delivered to his mother, Lyudmila. Yarmysh also called for his remains to be returned to his family.[28]

An inmate of the Polar Wolf colony noted highly unusual activity at the prison on the evening of 15 February, which seemed to indicate a surprise prison inspection.[29] He stated that the prisoners were locked in their barracks and a search was conducted on the morning of 16 February. The prisoner stated that they were informed about Navalny's death at 10:00, well before the press release on Navalny's death. The prisoner also noted that first aid had only appeared after Navalny was already known to be dead. The prisoner's interpretation of the events was that Navalny had likely died on the evening of 15 February, and that it had been a surprise to prison authorities.[29][30] According to human rights group Gulagu.net, an official report states that several cameras in the penal colony were inactive on 16 February. Gulagu.net interpreted this as the result of FSB officers arriving at the prison on 14 February and disabling audio and video monitoring equipment. Gulagu.net stated that there were bruises on Navalny's body, which the medical examiner carrying out an autopsy on the body was told to attribute as having occurred post-mortem.[31]

Investigation into death and aftermath

The Investigative Committee of Russia announced "a set of investigative and operative measures" into Navalny's death.[32] The Polar Wolf penal colony claimed that it had sent Navalny's body to the morgue in Salekhard, but it was not found there.[33] The Investigative Committee of Russia informed the family that the body would be given to them after the cause of death was determined through an investigation; it had previously told them the investigation was complete.[34] The authorities legally can hold his body for up to 30 days.[35] Yarmysh alleged that the Russian authorities were trying to cover up the truth of his death.[36]

According to Novaya Gazeta, the body was first taken to Labytnangi, then to a clinical morgue in Salekhard on the evening of the 16th. His body had bruises consistent with chest compressions, indicating that it was likely attempts were made to resuscitate Navalny.[37][38] The independent Russian news outlet Mediazona reported that live cam footage recorded a FSIN convoy travelling from Labytnangi to Salekhard on the night of the 16th, and suggested that this convoy was carrying Navalny's body.[39] On the morning of 19 February, Navalny's mother, Lyudmila Navalnaya, and his lawyers attempted to access the morgue where his body is alleged to be located, and were not given access.[40][41][42] The Investigative Committee then informed Navalny's team that his remains were sent for a "chemical examination" and would not be returned to the family for another fourteen days.[43] Navalny's wife, Yulia, expressed her belief that authorities were withholding his body while waiting for traces of Novichok to disappear.[44]

On 22 February, Lyudmila Navalnaya released a video message stating that investigators had allowed her to see the body of her son and that she had signed a death certificate that stated that her son had died of natural causes.[45] By law, Navalny's body should have been turned over to his family, but according to Navalnaya, the investigators refused to do so, instead insisting that Navalny be buried in secret[46][47] or inside the prison grounds if Navalnaya did not agree within several hours.[48] Navalny’s remains were finally returned to his mother on 24 February.[49]

Potential cause

Alexander Polupan, a doctor who treated Navalny's earlier poisoning, questioned the rapid timing of medical care, noted that a detached blood clot (a possible cause of death claimed by Russian state media) cannot be verified without an autopsy,[50] and said Navalny had no underlying conditions that would put him at risk of a thromboembolism.[51] His mother was told that he had died from "sudden death syndrome" (an umbrella term for different cardiac syndromes that cause cardiac arrest); his lawyer was told that the cause of death was still unclear.[52][53] Kyrylo Budanov, the head of the Ukrainian Main Directorate of Intelligence, also said that Navalny had died of a blood clot.[54]

Reactions

Domestic

Flowers at the Solovetsky Stone in Saint Petersburg on 17 February 2024
External videos
video icon Comments by Yulia Navalnaya at the Munich Security Conference, 16 February 2024, C-SPAN
Action in memory of Alexei Navalny at the Memorial to the Victims of Political Repression in St. Petersburg on 16 February 2024
Flowers at the Memorial to the Victims of Political Repression following the death of Navalny

Navalny's wife Yulia Navalnaya said all those responsible for the death of her husband "will be held accountable".[32] In a video recorded 19 February 2024, Yulia announced that she would continue the work her husband had started, and stated "By killing Alexei, Putin killed half of me — half of my heart and half of my soul. But I still have the other half left, and it tells me that I have no right to give up...Fight, and don't give up. I am not afraid, and you should not be afraid either."[55][56] Navalnaya called for the EU to recognize the results of the 2024 Russian presidential election as illegitimate, stating "A president who assassinated his main political opponent cannot be legitimate by definition."[57][58]

Navalny's mother, Lyudmila, said she did not "want to hear any words of sympathy", adding that he was "alive, healthy and cheerful" four days prior to his death.[59] Maria Pevchikh, the head of the board of the Anti-Corruption Foundation founded by Navalny, said that he would "live on forever in millions of hearts," and asserted that he was murdered.[60] She later added that the murder was part of a plot by Putin to thwart the release of Navalny and two American citizens in an exchange with FSB operative Vadim Krasikov, who assassinated former Chechen commander Zelimkhan Khangoshvili in Germany in 2019.[61]

Opposition politician Boris Nadezhdin, who unsuccessfully attempted to file his candidacy for the 2024 Russian presidential election, called Navalny "one of the most talented and bravest people in Russia I ever knew."[62] Mikhail Khodorkovsky, a former oligarch in exile in London, urged Russians to vote for Navalny in the 2024 presidential election as a mark of protest. He also called for Western nations to declare Putin's government, the presidential election, and its result illegitimate.[63][64] Leonid Volkov, a Russian opposition politician living in Lithuania, stated: "If this is true, then not 'Navalny died,' but 'Putin killed Navalny' and only that."[59] Opposition politician Dmitry Gudkov said: "Even if Alexei died from 'natural' causes, they were caused by his poisoning and further prison torture. The blood is on Putin's hands."[59]

Dmitry Muratov, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate and editor-in-chief of the Latvia-based Novaya Gazeta newspaper, expressed his condolences to Navalny's family. Muratov called the death murder, adding that Navalny "was tortured and tormented for three years. As Navalny's doctor told me: the body cannot endure such things. Murder was added to Alexei Navalny's sentence."[65] Human rights campaigner Oleg Orlov, co-chairman of the Nobel Peace Prize-winning human rights group Memorial, said Navalny's death in prison was a "crime of the regime".[66] Writer and journalist Mikhail Zygar said that Navalny "was our future for so long. Now we don't have that future anymore." Veteran human rights activist Lev Ponomaryov declared, "There are still many of us. We need to act together." Fiction writer Boris Akunin said, "There is nothing more the dictator [Putin] can do to Navalny. Navalny is dead and has become immortal."[67] Ilya Yashin, a friend of Navalny's and a fellow political prisoner, stated that Navalny "died a hero".[68][69]

One of Navalny's lawyers, Leonid Solovyov, told Novaya Gazeta that Navalny was "normal" when a lawyer saw him on 14 January.[65]

Russians began bringing flowers to monuments to victims of political repression in cities across the country.[70] Russian human rights group OVD-Info initially reported that by 17 February, more than 400 people had been detained by authorities in over 36 cities for taking part in the gatherings; the number was later corrected to 366 people.[71][72] Among those arrested was a priest who intended to hold a mass for Navalny and subsequently suffered a stroke while in police custody.[73][74] In some cities, flowers were removed and the police took photos of people laying flowers in memory of Navalny.[75][76] People laid flowers at Moscow's Solovetsky Stone and the Wall of Grief.[77] The Moscow Prosecutor's Office warned Russians against mass protests.[78] In Saint Petersburg alone, 154 people were sentenced to 14 days' imprisonment for violating anti-protest laws.[79] At least six of them were reportedly issued military draft notices upon their release.[80] Russian digital map company 2GIS reportedly blocked reviews of memorial sites after people used the service to write about memorials for Navalny.[81]

The political party Civic Initiative released a statement calling Navalny's death "a political murder".[82] It also announced plans to organize a march in honor of Navalny and Boris Nemtsov in Moscow on 2 March.[83]

According to OVD-Info, over 46,000 people sent appeals to the Investigative Committee of Russia demanding the release of Navalny's remains to his family after the refusal of the Investigative Committee to do so.[84]

The Russian Volunteer Corps, a Russian anti-Kremlin and far-right armed unit fighting in Ukraine against Russian government forces said that Navalny's death came while they were revising their plans to free him, which had been in place since December and which would have involved taking him to Ukraine.[85]

Russian government

Presidential spokesperson Dmitry Peskov told reporters that Putin had been informed of Navalny's death,[86] although Putin did not publicly comment on it during a meeting in Chelyabinsk on the day it was announced.[87] The Directorate of the Investigative Committee for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug organized a procedural investigation into the death.[88] The Federal Penitentiary Service also began inspections "in accordance with all applicable rules".[89] Peskov denied accusations from Yulia Navalnaya that Putin had been responsible for her husband's death, calling them "absolutely unfounded".[90][91][92]

Peskov also rejected EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell's call for an international investigation into Navalny's death, stating that the Kremlin "does not accept such demands at all".[93][94]

The Russian independent media outlet Agentstvo reported that within thirty minutes of Navalny's death being announced, the ruling United Russia party issued a message to its deputies in the State Duma to "keep strictly in line with the Federal Prison Service's version [or] better to refrain from commenting at all".[95] Russian state-controlled media provided minimal coverage of Navalny's death.[96]

In response to international condemnation over Navalny's death, foreign ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova criticized Western countries for having "its conclusions ready".[97] Peskov himself described foreign leaders' reactions as "absolutely rabid".[98] Putin's close associate Vyacheslav Volodin, Speaker of the State Duma, along with Vasily Piskaryov, chairman of the Duma's commission on foreign interference, blamed Navalny's death on "Washington", "Brussels" and various critics of the Kremlin in "unfriendly countries".[78][99] Several other politicians and public figures, including Tina Kandelaki, Anton Krasovsky, and Sergei Markov, blamed Navalny's death on the US or the West.[100] A Just Russia – For Truth leader Sergey Mironov stated that Navalny's death was beneficial for "Russia's enemies".[101] Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of the Russian state-owned network RT, stated on Telegram that "everyone has long forgotten him [Navalny], that there was no point in killing him" since it was beneficial to "exactly the opposite forces".[99]

Vladislav Davankov, Deputy Chair in the Duma and presidential candidate for the New People party, stated that Navalny's death was a "tragedy".[102]

International

Demonstration around the Embassy of Russia, Berlin, Germany
Memorial in Novi Sad, Serbia on 16 February 2024

Direct or indirect accusations against the Russian authorities in connection with Navalny's death have been made by many leaders of Western countries and representatives of major international organizations.[103] Leaders of prominent countries in the "Global South", along with most post-Soviet states in Central Asia and the Caucasus, did not issue official reactions to the news; nor did president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey, which is the only NATO member state not designated on Russia's "unfriendly countries list".[104][105]

On 18 February, US ambassador to Russia Lynne Tracy and UK ambassador Nigel Casey publicly laid flowers in honor of Navalny at the Solovetsky Stone in Moscow.[106]

Governments

  •  Australia: Prime Minister Anthony Albanese tweeted that the country mourned Navalny's "tragic death", and called his treatment "unforgivable".[107] Foreign minister Penny Wong said that Navalny's "heroic opposition to Putin's repressive and unjust dictatorship had inspired the world", and that Australia held the Russian government "solely responsible".[108]
  •  Austria: President Alexander Van der Bellen offered his condolences on social media, writing that "Vladimir Putin and his murderous regime" were responsible for Navalny's death.[109]
  •  Belgium: Prime Minister Alexander De Croo said Navalny's death "again underscores why we continue to support Ukraine" against the Russian invasion.[110]
  •  Brazil: President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called for an investigation into Navalny's death to be carried out before making any accusations of murder.[111][112]
  •  Bulgaria: Prime Minister Nikolai Denkov called Navalny a symbol of the struggle against dictatorship in Russia and emphasized the value of democracy.[113][114] Foreign Minister Mariya Gabriel expressed her grief and praised Navalny's "remarkable courage." President Rumen Radev stated that "the world lost one of its most outstanding fighters for human rights and democracy".[115]
  •  Canada: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said that Navalny's death "has us all reeling. It's something that has the entire world being reminded of exactly what a monster Putin is. There is no question that Alexei Navalny is dead because he stood up to Putin, he stood up to the Kremlin. He stood for freedom and democracy and the right of the Russian people to choose their future, and that was something that Putin was deeply afraid of, as he should be."[116] Foreign minister Mélanie Joly tweeted that Navalny "gave his freedom in the hopes of a better, more democratic future for the Russian people", and wrote that his death represented a "painful reminder of Putin's continued oppressive regime".[117]
  •  China: Foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning declined to comment on Navalny's death, describing it as "Russia's internal affair".[118]
  •  Croatia: The government demanded a transparent investigation, the return of Navalny's remains to his family and the release of all dissidents.[119] Prime minister Andrej Plenković expressed his "outrage" over Navalny’s death.[120]
  •  Czech Republic: Foreign minister Jan Lipavský wrote that Russia was "treating its citizens like it treats its foreign policy", and that it "has turned into a violent state that kills people who dream of a better future, like Nemtsov or now Navalny – imprisoned and tortured to death for standing up to Putin".[117]
  •  Denmark: Foreign minister and former prime minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen said that "Russia lost someone who dared work for a different Russia", adding that the Russian government "was responsible for Navalny's health during his politically motivated incarceration".[121]
  •  Estonia: Prime Minister Kaja Kallas wrote that Navalny's death was "yet another dark reminder of the rogue regime we're dealing with – and why Russia and all those responsible must be held accountable for each of their crimes".[122] Foreign minister Margus Tsahkna stated that the news demonstrated the "heartless, aggressive and destructive power" of Putin.[123]
  •  Finland: Prime Minister Petteri Orpo said that responsibility for Navalny's death lay with the Russian leadership and offered condolences to his family. President Sauli Niinistö expressed similar opinions in a social media post.[124]
  •  France: President Emmanuel Macron wrote: "I salute the memory of Alexeï Navalny, his commitment, his courage."[59]
  •  Georgia: President Salome Zourabichvili called Navalny's death "a tragedy for all democracy and human rights defenders" and expressed her condolences for his family and "those who in Russia continue his fight for democracy".[63]
  •  Germany: Chancellor Olaf Scholz said that he "paid for his courage with his life".[125]
  •  Hungary: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, after several days of government silence on the issue, when an oppoisition politician asked representatives to stand up and pay their respects in silence for Navaly's death, he said: "Chauvinists deserve no respect. And we will not stand up for someone who referred to Georgians as rats in the Russo-Georgian War. Otherwise may he rest in peace."[126]
  •  Greece: Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis stated "Navalny fought fiercely for democracy and stood up to a brutal, authoritarian regime. A regime that made sure Navalny paid for his bravery first with his freedom, and now with his life. Our thoughts are with his family."[127]
  •  Ireland: Taoiseach Leo Varadkar said Navalny's death was "further evidence if we ever needed it that Russia is a deeply oppressive State and that anyone who challenges President Putin risks their lives." Tánaiste Micheál Martin said Navalny's death "underpins the lack of respect for the rule of law and protection of human rights in Russia".[128]
  •  Italy: Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said that Navalny's death was "disturbing", and served as a warning to the rest of the world.[117]
  •  Latvia: President Edgars Rinkēvičs offered condolences to Navalny's family and friends and stated that he "was just brutally murdered by the Kremlin. That's a fact and that is something one should know about the true nature of Russia's current regime."[129][130][63]
  •  Lithuania: President Gitanas Nausėda blamed the Russian government for the death of Navalny and called for action to be taken.[131]
  •  Moldova: President Maia Sandu expressed her condolences to Navalny's family and to "all democratically-minded Russians, and those bravely fighting for freedom and democracy within Russia and abroad".[59]
  •  Netherlands: Prime Minister Mark Rutte said that Navalny "fought for democratic values and against corruption", and paid "for his struggle with death while he was held under the harshest and most inhumane conditions".[98]
  •  New Zealand: Prime Minister Christopher Luxon said that he was "saddened to hear" of Navalny's death and called him a "fierce advocate of freedom and anti-corruption".[132]
  •  Norway: Foreign minister Espen Barth Eide stated that the government of Russia bore "a heavy responsibility" for Navalny's death.[117]
  •  Poland: Prime Minister Donald Tusk tweeted: "Alexei, we will never forget you. And we will never forgive them."[133]
  •  Portugal: Foreign minister João Gomes Cravinho placed the responsibility of Navalny's death on Putin.[134]
  •  Romania: President Klaus Iohannis wrote on social media expressing his condolences, and urging the Russian authorities to conduct a transparent and coherent investigation.[135][136]
  •  Slovenia: Foreign Minister Tanja Fajon expressed outrage at Navalny's death, stated that responsibility for his death lies with Vladimir Putin, and criticized the arrests of people that have publicly paid tribute to Navalny.[137][138]
  •  Spain: Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez expressed his condolences to "[Navalny's] family and friends and to all those in Russia who defend democratic values and pay for it the highest of prices".[133]
  •  Sweden: Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson stated that the "Russian authorities, and President Putin personally, are responsible for Alexei Navalny no longer being alive".[139]
  •   Switzerland: The Federal Department of Foreign Affairs posted a statement saying: "Switzerland is appalled by the death of Alexei Navalny, an exemplary defender of democracy and fundamental rights." It added that it awaited an investigation into the cause of his death and expressed condolences to his family.[140]
  •  Ukraine: President Volodymyr Zelenskyy blamed Putin for the death of Navalny.[63]
  •  United Kingdom: Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said that Navalny "demonstrated incredible courage throughout his life" and that his death was "terrible news". He also said that "Navalny died for a cause to which he dedicated his whole life - freedom. To return home knowing that Putin had already tried to have him killed was one of the most courageous acts of the 21st century."[141] [142] Foreign secretary and former prime minister David Cameron said that "We should hold Putin accountable for this" and that "There should be consequences".[143]
External videos
video icon Comments by U.S. President Joe Biden on the death of Alexei Navalny, February 16, 2024, C-SPAN
  •  United States: President Joe Biden praised Navalny's legacy, saying he "was everything Putin is not. He was brave, he was principled, he was dedicated to building a Russia where rule of law existed and where it applied to everybody", and, stating that he held Putin responsible, added that he was "both not surprised and outraged" by reports of Navalny's death in prison.[144] Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated that the "fixation and fear of one man only underscores the weakness and rot at the heart of the system that Putin has built. Russia is responsible for this."[145]

Intergovernmental organizations

  •  European Union: President of the European Council Charles Michel said that Navalny "fought for the values of freedom and democracy", and that "[for] his ideals, he made the ultimate sacrifice".[98] European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen wrote that she was "deeply disturbed and saddened" by news of Navalny's death.[146] In a joint statement, von der Leyen and Vice President Josep Borrell stated that the EU will do whatever it can to hold Russia accountable for his death, and demanded the release of all other political prisoners.[147]
  •  NATO: Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that he was "saddened and disturbed by reports coming from Russia" and called for an investigation into the death of Navalny.[148]
  •  United Nations: Secretary-General António Guterres called for a full investigation of Navalny's death.[98] OHCHR spokesperson Liz Throssell stated: "If someone dies in the custody of the State, the presumption is that the State is responsible – a responsibility that can only be rebutted through an impartial, thorough and transparent investigation carried out by an independent body."[149] Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Alice Jill Edwards, said that several UN independent experts, including herself, urged the Russian government to end the punitive conditions in which Navalny was held, adding that their "appeals to the Kremlin" were "blatantly ignored" with complete "disregard for human life".[98] The UN Special Rapporteur on the Russian Federation, Mariana Katzarova, demanded the release of other Russian political prisoners, including Vladimir Kara-Murza, Ilya Yashin and Alexei Gorinov.[150]

Foreign opposition leaders

Belarusian opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya wrote: "My heart is with his family today. This tragedy is further proof that for dictators, human life holds no value."[59] The head of the Azerbaijan Popular Front Party, Ali Karimli, stated that "the killing of [...] Alexei Navalny is one of the most shameful pages in Russian history"[151] and described him as "a very determined, talented and brilliant politician".[151]

Human rights organisations

Amnesty International Secretary General Agnès Callamard called on the "United Nations to employ its special procedures and mechanisms to address the death".[133] Human Rights Watch's executive director Tirana Hassan said that the "Russian authorities bear full responsibility for what has happened to Navalny."[152]

Public

Crowds in Belgrade mourning Alexey Navalny (video)
A makeshift memorial in front of the Russian embassy in Poland
A makeshift memorial at the National Monument, Amsterdam
Bono of U2 speaking and leading a chant of Navalny's name at his band's concert in Las Vegas on 17 February

Rallies were held in honor of Navalny in over 25 countries.[a][76][153] In Turkey, police detained protesters and broke up rallies.[105] At least eight other instances of rallies for Navalny being broken up were reported in Belarus, Cuba, France, Greece, Italy, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.[154] In Berlin, a march held by Pussy Riot members Nadya Tolokonnikova and Lucy Shtein, as well as opposition politician Lyubov Sobol and former Russian state media journalist Marina Ovsyannikova, was prevented by police from reaching the Brandenburg Gate after they had held a protest at the Russian embassy.[73]

Mourners laid flowers in Navalny's honor in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and Almaty, Kazakhstan, where many Russians have fled since 2022 to avoid mobilization in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[155]

An exhibit dedicated in memory of Navalny and other Russian dissidents was opened at the Helsinki Central Library Oodi on 17 February.[156] A group of Russian residents in Helsinki also organized a petition for a park adjacent to the Russian Embassy to be renamed in honor of Navalny.[72]

American commentator Tucker Carlson, who faced criticism for hosting "The Vladimir Putin Interview" several days before Navalny's death, told The Daily Mail and The New York Times: "It’s horrifying what happened to Navalny. The whole thing is barbaric and awful. No decent person would defend it."[157][158]

On 17 February, Irish singer Bono of U2 led crowds in a chant of Navalny's name at his band's concert in Las Vegas, stating "Tonight, the people who believe in freedom must say his name. Not just remember it, but say it."[159][160]

Sanctions

Ahead of a meeting of EU foreign ministers, German foreign minister Annalena Baerbock proposed additional sanctions against Russia as a direct response to Navalny's death. His widow, Yulia Navalnaya, addressed the meeting in Brussels and called for more sanctions directly targeting Putin's inner circle. Josep Borrell, the EU foreign policy commissioner, pledged action to hold "Vladimir Putin and his regime" accountable.[161] Borrell also stated that the EU's human rights sanctions list may be renamed after Navalny in a symbolic move of support.[162]

On 21 February, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the head of the Polar Wolf colony, Colonel Vadim Kalinin, and five of his deputies.[163] On 23 February, the United States announced sanctions on three Russian officials, including the deputy director of the Federal Penitentiary Service who was promoted three days after Navalny's death.[164]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Death of Alexei Navalny.

Notes

  1. ^ Argentina, Armenia, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, the UK, and the US

References

  1. ^ a b c "УФСИН России по Ямало-Ненецкому автономному округу сообщает". 89.fsin.gov.ru (in Russian). УФСИН России по ЯНАО. 16 February 2024. Archived from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e Kirby, Paul (16 February 2024). "Russian opposition leader Navalny has died, prison service says". BBC. Archived from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  3. ^ Luscombe, Richard; Slawson, Nicola. "Russia-Ukraine war live: Alexei Navalny dies in prison after morning walk, says Russian prison service". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Alexey Navalny's team confirms his death, calls for body to be returned". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  5. ^ "Russian emigres gather across Europe to mourn Navalny, denounce Putin". Reuters. 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
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