2024 Portuguese legislative election
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230 seats in the Assembly of the Republic 116 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Registered | 10,819,122  0.1%[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Snap legislative elections will take place on 10 March 2024 to elect members of the Assembly of the Republic to the 16th Legislature of Portugal. All 230 seats to the Assembly of the Republic will be at stake.
Background[edit]
The Socialist Party (PS), led by Prime Minister António Costa, won an absolute majority in the 2022 legislative election with 41% of the votes and 120 seats in the 230 seat Assembly of the Republic. The main opposition party, the Social Democratic Party (PSD), got 77 seats and 29% of the votes, while right-wing/far-right party Chega (Enough) gain 12 seats and 7%. The Liberal Initiative (IL) were able to win 8 seats and gather almost 5% of the votes. The left-wing/far-left parties, the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Left Bloc (BE), achieved one of their worst results ever with 4% of the votes and 6 and 5 seats, respectively. PAN and LIVRE were able to win just one seat each.[2]
António Costa's third government was sworn in on 30 March 2022. This government proved very unstable with several scandals and/or controversies affecting it. By mid 2023, the government had already suffered 13 resignations, 11 Secretaries of state and 2 Ministers.[3] The main controversy regarded TAP Air Portugal and a compensation payment to a government member, Alexandra Reis.[4] This case was followed by an incident, in late April 2023, at the Ministry of Infrastructure building between government staff members and an advisor to Minister João Galamba regarding an alleged stolen laptop.[5] The use of the Portuguese Secret Services in this case generated a clash between President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa and Prime Minister António Costa concerning the future of minister João Galamba and of the government itself.[6]
Fall of the government[edit]
On 7 November 2023, it was reported that the Public Security Police and the Public Prosecutor's office carried out a series of searches at the official residence of the Prime Minister and other ministries, and that the Prime Minister's chief of staff had been arrested.[7] Costa was named as a suspect in a corruption case involving the awarding of contracts for the lithium and hydrogen businesses.[8] He met with President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa in the Presidential Palace and announced his resignation shortly after, stating that he would not run for re-election.[9]
The President heard all parties after Costa's resignation.[10] The Socialist Party proposed a new cabinet led by President of the Assembly of the Republic Augusto Santos Silva[11] or Governor of the Bank of Portugal Mário Centeno[12] that would last until the end of the government's term in 2026, while all opposition parties, except PAN, supported an early election.[13] President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, after meeting with the Council of State, called an early election for 10 March 2024.[14]
The Prime Minister's resignation was not made official immediately, it was postponed until 8 December 2023, so that the State Budget for 2024 could be approved by parliament.[15][16]
This marks the first time a single party majority government has not completed its full term in democratic Portugal.
Politics of Portugal[edit]
The President of Portugal has the power to dissolve the Assembly of the Republic by their own will. Unlike in other countries, the President can refuse to dissolve the parliament at the request of the Prime Minister or the Assembly of the Republic and all the parties represented in Parliament. If the Prime Minister resigns, the President must appoint a new Prime Minister after listening to all the parties represented in Parliament and then the government programme must be subject to discussion by the Assembly of the Republic, whose members of parliament may present a motion to reject the upcoming government.
Date[edit]
According to the Portuguese Constitution, an election must be called between 14 September and 14 October of the year that the legislature ends. The election is called by the President of Portugal but is not called at the request of the Prime Minister; however, the President must listen to all of the parties represented in Parliament and the election day must be announced at least 60 days before the election.[17] If an election is called during an ongoing legislature (dissolution of parliament) it must be held at least after 55 days. Election day is the same in all multi-seat constituencies, and should fall on a Sunday or national holiday. In normal circunstances, the next legislative election would, therefore, have taken place no later than 11 October 2026.[18]
On 9 November 2023, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa announced he would dissolve the parliament and called an early election for 10 March 2024.[14] On 15 January 2024, the President signed the decree that officially dissolved Parliament and set the date for the elections.[19] Campaigning officially began on 25 February and would last for two weeks.[20]
Leadership changes and challenges[edit]
CDS – People's Party[edit]
In the 2022 elections, the CDS–People's Party was wiped out from Parliament for the first time in 47 years of democracy.[21] CDS leader Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos resigned on election night and announced that a leadership ballot would be held.[22] On 11 February, it was announced that a new leader would be elected in a party congress on 2 and 3 April 2022 held in Guimarães.[23] MEP Nuno Melo, former MP Nuno Correia da Silva, 2016 leadership candidate Miguel Mattos Chaves and Bruno Filipe Costa announced they would contest the ballot.[24][25][26][27] During the congress, Bruno Filipe Costa and Nuno Correia da Silva dropped out from the race.[28] Nuno Melo was easily elected as leader with more than 77% of the votes. The results were the following:
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nuno Melo | 854 | 77.5 | |
| Miguel Mattos Chaves | 104 | 9.4 | |
| Others[e] | 144 | 13.1 | |
| Turnout | 1,102 | ||
| Source: Observador | |||
Social Democratic Party[edit]
After the Social Democratic Party's (PSD) defeat in the 2022 legislative election, Rui Rio announced he would resign and not run again for the PSD leadership, calling a leadership election to elect a new leader.[29] The ballot was held on 28 May 2022.[30] Luís Montenegro, former PSD parliamentary group leader (2011-2018), and Jorge Moreira da Silva, former Environment minister (2013-2015), were the only candidates on the ballot.[31] Around 45,000 party members, out of more than 85,000 active members, registered to vote.[32] Montenegro defeated Moreira da Silva by a landslide, becoming the 19th leader of the PSD.[33] The results were as follows:
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luís Montenegro | 19,241 | 72.5 | |
| Jorge Moreira da Silva | 7,306 | 27.5 | |
| Blank/Invalid ballots | 437 | – | |
| Turnout | 26,984 | 60.46 | |
| Source: Official results | |||
Portuguese Communist Party[edit]
On 5 November 2022, the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) announced that Jerónimo de Sousa, party leader since 2004, was departing from the leadership for health reasons and the demands that the post requires.[34] The party chose Paulo Raimundo, a party employee and member since 1994, as new leader[35] whose nomination was confirmed in a Central Committee meeting on 12 November 2022 by unanimous vote, with one abstention, from Raimundo himself.[36] The results were the following:
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paulo Raimundo | 128 | 99.2 | |
| Against | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Abstention | 1 | 0.8 | |
| Turnout | 129 | ||
| Source: Observador | |||
Liberal Initiative[edit]
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On 23 October 2022, party leader João Cotrim Figueiredo announced he was leaving the party leadership and called a leadership election.[37] Shortly after Cotrim's announcement, an MP Rui Rocha from Braga constituency, stepped forward and announced his intention to run for the leadership.[38] Two days later, Carla Castro, a Lisbon MP, also presented her candidacy for the leadership.[39] A few weeks later, the party decided on a date, and location, for the leadership ballot and the new leader would be elected in a National Convention between 21 and 22 January 2023 in Lisbon.[40] A third candidate for the leadership, José Cardoso, a critic of Figueiredo's leadership and strategy, announced his candidacy on 2 January 2023.[41] Around 2,300 party members registered to vote in the leadership convention.[42] Rui Rocha was elected as the 4th President of the Liberal Initiative with almost 52% of the votes.[43] The results were the following:
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rui Rocha | 888 | 51.7 | |
| Carla Castro | 757 | 44.0 | |
| José Cardoso | 74 | 4.3 | |
| Blank/Invalid ballots | 9 | – | |
| Turnout | 1,728 | 74.26 | |
| Source: Diário de Notícias | |||
People Animals Nature[edit]
People Animals Nature (PAN) held a leadership ballot on 20 May 2023.[44] Two candidates were on the ballot: Incumbent leader Inês Sousa Real and Nelson Silva, MP between 2019 and 2022. Silva accused Sousa Real of leading the party to irrelevance and that now it's time to "save" and "rebuild" the party.[45] In a rather tense congress, with strong accusations between both sides,[46] Inês Sousa Real was re-elected party leader with 73% of the votes.[47] The results were the following:
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inês Sousa Real | 97 | 72.9 | |
| Nelson Silva | 35 | 26.3 | |
| Blank/Invalid ballots | 1 | 0.8 | |
| Turnout | 133 | ||
| Source: Expresso | |||
Left Bloc[edit]
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On 14 February 2023, party coordinator Catarina Martins announced she would not run for another term as party leader.[48] Her reasons were that the party needed someone new to lead it, that in the party there are not very long periods of leadership and that the "new political cycle" forces a change. A party leadership convention was held between 27 and 28 May 2023, in Lisbon.[49]
After MEP Marisa Matias and caucus leader Pedro Filipe Soares declined to run, MP Mariana Mortágua decided to run for the party leadership.[50] Her candidacy was confirmed on 27 February 2023.[51] A list of critics of the then party leadership, led by former MP Pedro Soares, opposed Mortágua in the convention ballot.[52] On 28 May 2023, Mariana Mortágua was easily elected as new party coordinator with 83% of the delegates votes.[53] The results were the following:
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mariana Mortágua | 439 | 83.1 | |
| Pedro Soares | 78 | 14.8 | |
| Abstentions | 11 | 2.1 | |
| Turnout | 528 | 80.74 | |
| Source: CNN Portugal | |||
Socialist Party[edit]
After the resignation of António Costa as Prime Minister on 7 November 2023, following the Operation Influencer corruption investigation, and his announcement that he would not run again for office, the Socialist Party (PS) held a leadership election to elect a new leader[54] on 15 and 16 December 2023.[55] On 9 November 2023, former Minister of Infrastructure and Housing Pedro Nuno Santos announced his candidacy for the party leadership,[56] while Minister of Internal Administration José Luís Carneiro announced his intention to run on the following day.[57] On 18 November 2023, Daniel Adrião, a member of the National Commission of PS and candidate in the PS leadership elections of 2016, 2018 and 2021, announced his candidacy.[58] On 16 December, Pedro Nuno Santos was easily elected with almost 61% of the votes, compared with the 37% of José Luís Carneiro.[59] The results were the following:
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pedro Nuno Santos | 24,219 | 60.8 | |
| José Luís Carneiro | 14,891 | 37.4 | |
| Daniel Adrião | 382 | 1.0 | |
| Blank/Invalid ballots | 322 | 0.8 | |
| Turnout | 39,814 | 68.65 | |
| Source: Official results | |||
Electoral system[edit]
The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected for four-year terms. Governments do not require an absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposition MPs is larger than that of its supporters, the opposition still needs to be equal to or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.[60]
The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude.[61] The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.[62]
The distribution of MPs by electoral district for the 2024 legislative election is the following:[1]
| District | Number of MPs | Map |
|---|---|---|
| Lisbon | 48 | 
|
| Porto | 40 | |
| Braga and Setúbal(+1) | 19 | |
| Aveiro | 16 | |
| Leiria | 10 | |
| Coimbra, Faro and Santarém | 9 | |
| Viseu | 8 | |
| Madeira | 6 | |
| Azores, Viana do Castelo(–1) and Vila Real | 5 | |
| Castelo Branco | 4 | |
| Beja, Bragança, Évora and Guarda | 3 | |
| Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe | 2 |
Parties[edit]
Parties and/or coalitions that intend to run had until 29 January 2024 to file lists of candidates.[63] 18 parties and/or coalitions filed lists to contest the election. The Social Democratic Party (PSD), CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP) and the People's Monarchist Party (PPM) will contest the election in a coalition called Democratic Alliance (AD). This coalition will be on the ballot in mainland Portugal and the Azores. In Madeira, the coalition is only between the PSD and CDS–PP, called Madeira First.[64] PPM will run alone in Madeira.[65] The Communist Party (PCP) will repeat their coalition with the Greens (PEV), Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU), as has been the case since 1987.
The Earth Party (MPT) and Alliance (A) will also contest the election under a coalition called Alternative 21 (A21).[66]
Parliamentary factions[edit]
The table below lists the parties and/or coalitions represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 15th legislature (2022–2024) and that will also contest the 2024 elections:
Non-represented parties[edit]
The table below lists the parties and/or coalitions not represented in the Assembly of the Republic and that will run in the elections.
Rejected[edit]
| Name | Ideology | Political position |
Leader | 2022 result | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | |||||||
| MAS | Socialist Alternative Movement Movimento Alternativa Socialista |
Socialism Trotskyism |
Left-wing | Renata Cambra | 0.1% | [80] | |
Campaign[edit]
Issues[edit]
The issue of governability after the elections, which party will let the other govern or not, has become central to the campaign. The Socialist Party (PS) leader Pedro Nuno Santos has changed positions regarding the scenario of a Democratic Alliance (AD) minority, with first being against it but, as the official campaign started, gave his openness to let the AD govern. Luís Montenegro, initially against the idea of letting the PS govern, also changed his tone but is creating a taboo regarding his position.[81] Healthcare and Education are also crucial issues for voters, according to surveys.[82]
Party slogans of represented parties[edit]
| Party or alliance | Original slogan | English translation | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PS | « Mais Ação » « Portugal Inteiro » |
"More Action" "Whole Portugal" |
[83] | |
| AD | « Acreditar na Mudança » « A mudança está nas tuas mãos » |
"Believe in Change" "Change is in your hands" |
[84] | |
| CH | « Limpar Portugal » | "Clean up Portugal" | [85] | |
| IL | « Portugal com Futuro » | "Portugal with Future" | [86] | |
| CDU | « Mais CDU, vida melhor » | "More CDU, better life" | [87] | |
| BE | « Fazer o que nunca foi feito » | "Do what has never been done" | [88] | |
| PAN | « Avançamos pelas Causas » | "We advance for Causes" | [89] | |
| L | « Contrato com o Futuro » | "Contract with the Future" | [90] | |
Candidates' debates[edit]
With parties represented in Parliament[edit]
With parties not represented in Parliament[edit]
| Date | Time | Organisers | Moderator(s) | P Present[k] S Surrogate[l] NI Not invited I Invited A Absent invitee | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RIR | PCTP | ADN | JPP | A21 | VP | E | NC | PTP | ND | Ref. | ||||
| 20 Feb | 9PM | RTP1 | Carlos Daniel | P Henriques |
P Pinto |
P Fialho |
P Sousa |
P Afonso |
P Figueiredo |
P P. Coelho |
P R. Afonso |
P M. Coelho |
P Liber |
[91][92] |
Opinion polling[edit]
Polling aggregations[edit]
| Polling aggregator | Last update | .png/25px-Letras_PS_(Portugal).png){kind=small}
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.png/30px-Logo_Pessoas-Animais-Natureza_(text_only).png){kind=logo}
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Lead | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marktest | 23 Feb 2024 | 28.2 | 29.9 | 18.5 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 1.7 | |
| Renascença | 22 Feb 2024 | 28.4 | 30.1 | 18.2 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 3.1 | 1.7 | |
| Politico | 21 Feb 2024 | 29 | 32 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | |
| Europe Elects | 13 Feb 2024 | 29.3 | 30.5 | 18.5 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 1.2 | |
| PolitPro | 13 Feb 2024 | 28.6 | 28.8 | 18.1 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 0.2 | |
| 2022 legislative election[2] | 30 Jan 2022 | 41.4 120 |
29.1 77 |
1.6 0 |
7.2 12 |
4.9 8 |
4.4 5 |
4.3 6 |
1.6 1 |
1.3 1 |
12.3 |
_logo.png/31px-Aliança_Democrática_2024_(Portugal)_logo.png){kind=logo}
Results[edit]
National summary[edit]
Distribution by constituency[edit]
| Constituency | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | Total S | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PS | AD | CH | IL | CDU | BE | MF[n] | PAN | L | ||||||||||||||
| Azores | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 5 | |||||
| Aveiro | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 16 | |||||
| Beja | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 3 | |||||
| Braga | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 19 | |||||
| Bragança | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 3 | |||||
| Castelo Branco | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 4 | |||||
| Coimbra | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 9 | |||||
| Évora | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 3 | |||||
| Faro | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 9 | |||||
| Guarda | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 3 | |||||
| Leiria | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 10 | |||||
| Lisbon | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 48 | |||||
| Madeira | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 6 | |||||
| Portalegre | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 2 | |||||
| Porto | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 40 | |||||
| Santarém | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 9 | |||||
| Setúbal | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 19 | |||||
| Viana do Castelo | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 5 | |||||
| Vila Real | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 5 | |||||
| Viseu | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 8 | |||||
| Europe | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 2 | |||||
| Outside Europe | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 2 | |||||
| Total | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 230 | |||
| Source: [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ As leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD).
- ^ In the 2022 election, PSD had 77 seats and 29.1% of the votes, CDS-PP had 1.6% and failed to elect any seats and PPM had 0.0% and also failed to elect any seats.
- ^ a b The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV) contested the 2022 election in a coalition called Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) and won a combined 4.3% of the vote and elected 6 MPs to parliament. The 6 MPs elected in 2022 are all from PCP. PEV elected zero.
- ^ LIVRE has no formal single leader; the party has 15-member leadership committee of which Rui Tavares and Teresa Mota serve as spokespersons.
- ^ CDS members that presented party motions but who were not running for the party's leadership.
- ^ The 77 MPs elected in 2022 are all from the Social Democratic Party (PPD/PSD). CDS–PP and PPM elected zero.
- ^ Some sources state that People Animals Nature (PAN) is neither on the left nor the right.[69]
- ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
- ^ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
- ^ 33% Didn't saw the debate; 10% Tie; 4% None; 6% Undecided.
- ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
- ^ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
- ^ PSD/CDS–PP/PPM list in mainland Portugal, Azores and Overseas.
- ^ a b In Madeira, the PSD and the CDS–PP will contest the elections in a coalition called Madeira First (Madeira Primeiro).
- ^ PPM list only in Madeira
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d "Mapa Oficial n.º 1-A/2024" (PDF). CNE - Comissão Nacional de Eleições. 2024-01-16. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
- ^ a b "Resultados Globais". Ministry of Internal Administration (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 January 2022.
- ^ "Terceiro Governo de Costa já teve 13 baixas em apenas 16 meses", ECO, 7 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "26 dias. Alexandra Reis durou menos tempo no Governo que Miguel Alves ", ECO, 28 December 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Acusações, ocultações, suspeitas de agressões - até houve pessoas refugiadas no WC: guia para entender a nova crise no Governo (mas dá mesmo para entendê-la?)", CNN Portugal, 28 April 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Marcelo arrasa Galamba e promete ser mais "interventivo" e "atento" com Costa", Diário de Notícias, 4 May 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ Lopes, Maria (2023-11-07). "Buscas da PSP na residência oficial de Costa e ministérios do Ambiente e Infra-estruturas; chefe de gabinete e Lacerda Machado detidos". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Governo investigado: António Costa é suspeito e vai ser alvo de inquérito pelo Supremo Tribunal de Justiça". Expresso (in Portuguese). 2023-11-07. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "António Costa demite-se: "Obviamente"". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ Renascença (2023-11-08). "Presidente da República ouve partidos esta quarta-feira - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-08.
- ^ Tavares, Rita. "PS apresentará Santos Silva como primeiro-ministro provisório se Marcelo não quiser eleições". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-08.
- ^ Mário Centeno sucessor de António Costa? "Falamos depois" (in Portuguese), retrieved 2023-11-09
- ^ Miguel, Inês Pinto (2023-11-08). "Partidos defendem eleições antecipadas para resolver demissão de Costa". O Jornal Económico - Notícias, Economia, Política, Empresas, Mercados e Opinião (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-08.
- ^ a b Renascença (2023-11-09). "Marcelo marca eleições para 10 de março - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ^ Novais, Filipa; Morais, Miguel; Teixeira, Sara (9 November 2023). "Marcelo dissolve Parlamento. António Costa no Governo até às próximas eleições a 10 de março" [Marcelo dissolves Parliament. António Costa in Government until the next elections on 10 March]. Correio da Manhã (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
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External links[edit]
- Marktest Opinion Poll Tracker
- Official results site, Portuguese Justice Ministry
- Portuguese Electoral Commission
- ERC - Official publication of polls
- Average of polls and seat simulator
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